USN 52R / USN 52L Technical Reference and Operating Manual Ident No. 28 642 Index 1. Introduction ....................................... 1-1 1.1 Safety information ................................... Storage batteries ....................................... Defects/errors and exceptional stresses .... Software .................................................... 1.2 Important notes ........................................ Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic flaw detectors ............................................ Operator training ........................................ Technical test requirements ....................... Limits of testing ......................................... Wall thickness measurements with ultrasonics .......................................... Effect of the material of the test object ...... Effect of temperature variations ................. Measurement of remaining wall thickness .. Flaw boundary scanning method ................ Echo display comparison method .............. 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-3 1-3 1-3 1-4 1-4 1-5 1-5 1-5 1-6 1-6 1-6 1-7 1.4 Remarks on this manual ......................... 1-10 Before starting for the first time ................1-10 Getting to know the adjustment functions . 1-10 Service ..................................................... 1-10 Specifications and basic settings .............. 1-10 Layout of this manual ...............................1-11 2. Standard package and accessories ................................ 2-1 2.1 Standard package .................................... 2-3 2.2 Required accessories .............................. 2-4 2.3 Recommended accessories .................... 2-4 2.4 Recommended outside products ............ 2-5 3. Setting into operation ....................... 3-1 3.1 Positioning the USN 52R/USN 52L .......... 3-2 3.2 Power supply ........................................... Battery operation ....................................... Inserting the batteries ................................ Using the battery charger ........................... 3-2 3-3 3-3 3-4 0-1 1.3 USN 52R/USN 52L .................................... 1-8 Special features of the two versions: ......... 1-8 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 Index 3.3 Probe connection..................................... 3-5 3.4 Starting the USN 52 R .............................. 3-5 Switching on .............................................. 3-5 Reset ......................................................... 3-6 3.5 Screen saver ............................................. 3-6 Setting the function ................................... 4-10 Accelerated adjustment ............................ 4-10 Selection of measured value for enlarged display ...................................................... 4-11 4.4 Function keys ..........................................4-11 4.5 Keys for special functions ...................... 4-12 Only USN 52L ........................................... 4-12 4.6 Important basic settings ......................... 4-13 Set language .............................................4-13 Setting the measurement units ................. 4-13 4. Basics of operation ........................... 4-1 4.1 USN 52R and USN 52L ............................. 4-2 4.2 Display ...................................................... A-scan display ........................................... Functions on the display ............................ Indications beneath the A-scan .................. 4.2 Keypad ...................................................... Function keys ............................................ Special keys .............................................. Special keys of the USN 52L for setting the display ...................................... 4-4 4-4 4-5 4-6 4-8 4-8 4-8 4-9 5. Operation ........................................... 5-1 5.1 Function overview (first operating level) ................................ 5-2 5.2 Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L ...... 5-3 GAIN Gain adjustment ........................... 5-3 Selection of basic data .............................. 5-4 Setting the receiver .................................... 5-6 Setting the pulser ....................................... 5-8 Gate adjustment ....................................... 5-10 Calibration functions .................................5-12 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L 4.3 Operational concept ...............................4-10 Changing the operating levels ................... 4-10 Selection of function groups and functions 4-10 0-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Index Storing data .............................................. 5-14 Clearing the instrument setting ..................5-15 Clearing all data ........................................ 5-16 Displaying stored A-Scans (preview) .........5-16 5.3 USN 52R/USN 52L calibration ................ 5-17 Calibration of display range ....................... 5-17 Calibration with a straight-beam probe .......5-18 Calibration with angle-beam probes ........... 5-20 Calibration with a dual (T/R) probe ............5-21 Automatic calibration ................................ 5-22 Preparing the instrument for digital measurement ..................................5-23 Calibrating the sensitivity .......................... 5-24 5.4 DAC/TCG .................................................. 5-25 Function group TCG ..................................5-26 5.5 Recording a Distance-Amplitude Curve .......................................................5-28 5.6 Echo evaluation with DAC/TCG .............. 5-31 DAC mode ................................................5-32 TCG mode ................................................5-33 5.7 Measuring thickness ...............................5-34 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 0-3 5.8 Storing measured values - Data Logger 5-35 Determining the number of FILES .............5-35 Selecting a FILE .......................................5-36 Clearing FILES ......................................... 5-37 Storing measured values .......................... 5-37 Viewing stored readings ............................5-38 Clearing the measured values ................... 5-38 5.9 Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L ........ 5-39 5.10Data set names ........................................5-50 5.11Setting the RS232 interface .................... 5-57 5.12Setting the flaw location calculation ......5-59 Displaying the measured values ............... 5-61 Automatic calibration ................................ 5-62 5.13Setting the measurement methods ........ 5-62 5.14Locking set values .................................. 5-64 5.15Function check ........................................5-64 Index 6. Documentation .................................. 6-1 6.1 Printing instrument settings and display contents ....................................... 6-2 Preparing the printer ................................... 6-2 6.2 Documentation with the PC program UltraDOC ................................................... 6-5 8.2 Connection of a peripheral ...................... 8-5 8.3 Transferring the display contents ........... 8-6 8.4 Printing Data Logger report .................... 8-6 Data Logger report format .......................... 8-7 8.5 Transferring measurement values ........... 8-9 Transferring measurements values in the Data Logger to a PC ............................ 8-9 Printing display contents and instrument settings ..................................................... 8-10 Transfer formats ........................................8-10 8.6 USN 52R/USN 52L remote operation ......8-12 8.7 Configuring the MEMO function ............8-17 Defining data header .................................8-17 8.8 Analog outputs........................................8-20 Analog voltage for the echo amplitude (echo in the monitor gate) ......................... 8-21 Analog voltage for the sound path of an echo ..................................................... 8-21 TTL switching output ................................. 8-22 7. Servicing and maintenance .............. 7-1 7.1 Cleaning the USN 52R/USN 52L .............. 7-2 7.2 Maintenance of NiCd cells ....................... Charging NiCd cells ................................... Handling NiCd cells .................................... Handling AlMn batteries ............................. 7-2 7-2 7-3 7-3 8. Interfaces, Peripherals 8 .................. 8-1 8.1 Interfaces .................................................. Serial interface RS 232 .............................. Layout of 7 pin Lemo socket (RS 232) ....... Layout of 4 pin Lemo socket (charger socket, switching output) ........................... 0-4 8-2 8-2 8-3 8-4 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Index 9. Specifications .................................... 9-1 10.Appendix.......................................... 10-1 10.1 Function directory ..................................10-2 10.2 EC Certificate of Conformity ...................10-7 10.3 Service addresses ................................... 10-8 11.Changes ........................................... 11-1 12.Index ................................................. 12-1 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 0-5 0-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Introduction 1 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-1 Introduction Safety information 1.1 Safety information USN 52R and USN 52L have been designed and tested according to DIN EN 61 010 Part 1, March 1994, Safety requirements for electrical measuring, control and lab equipment, and was technically in perfectly safe and faultless condition when leaving the manufacturing works. In order to maintain this condition and to ensure a safe operation, you should urgently read the following safety information before putting the instrument into operation. Storage batteries USN 52R/USN 52L can be operated with storage batteries. Please only use the power supply/battery charger unit UN 655 for storage battery charge. Defects/errors and exceptional stresses If you have reason to believe that a safe operation of your instrument is no longer possible, you have to disconnect the instrument and secure it against unintentional reconnection. Remove the batteries if necessary. • A safe operation is e.g. no longer possible • if the instrument shows visible damages, • if the instrument no longer operates perfectly, • after prolonged storage under adverse conditions (e.g. exceptional temperatures and/or especially high air humidity, or corrosive environmental conditions), • after being subjected to heavy stresses during transportation. A Attention: USN 52R and USN 52L are instruments for materials testing. Any use for medical applications or other purposes is not allowed! The instruments may only be used in industrial environments! 1-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Important notes Introduction Software Based on the present state of the art software can never be completely error-free. That is why software-controlled instruments should be checked before use to see if the necessary functions operate perfectly in the provided combination. Therefore, please check the functions of the instrument according to the information given in Chapter 5. Should you have any questions with regard to the application of your USN 52R/USN 52L, please contact your local “Krautkrämer” or “Krautkramer-Branson” agent. 1.2 Important notes Please read the following notes before using your USN 52R/USN 52L. It is important that you understand and observe this information to avoid making any mistakes in operating the instrument. These could lead to false test results which can finally result in injury to persons or damage to property. Preconditions for testing with ultrasonic flaw detectors This Operating Manual contains all the necessary information on how to operate the USN 52R/USN 52L. There are, however, a number of factors which affect the test results obtained. In the following, please find a detailed description of the three most important conditions for reliable testing with ultrasonic flaw detection equipment: • a properly trained operator, • knowledge of the specialized test requirements and limits of testing • selection of the appropriate test equipment. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-3 Introduction Operator training The operator of an ultrasonic flaw detector must be adequately trained in the field of ultrasonic test methods. This includes, among other things, sufficient knowledge of: – sound propagation theory, – the effects of the velocity of sound in the material, – what happens to the sound wave at the interface between two different materials under test, – the propagation of the sound beam, – the effect of the sound attenuation in the object under test, – the effect of the surface condition of the object under test. Lack of knowledge here can lead to false test results with unforeseeable consequences. Information concerning existing possibilities for the qualification of ultrasonic operators as well as the question of achieving these qualifications can be obtained from the corresponding NDT societies in your country (DGZfP in Germany, ASNT in the USA etc.), or also from Krautkramer-Branson. 1-4 Important notes Technical test requirements Every ultrasonic test is subject to specific technical test requirements. The most important of these are: • definition of the scope of the test; • selection of the appropriate technical test method; • taking into account the properties of the material; • laying down the test limits for “recording and evaluation purposes“. It is the task of those with overall responsibility for testing to ensure that the test operator is fully informed about these requirements. The best basis for such information is experience with identical test objects. It is also essential that the relevant test specifications be clearly and completely understood by the test operator. Krautkrämer GmbH & Co regularly hold specialized training courses for qualified persons in the field of ultrasonic testing. Scheduled dates of such courses will be given on request. Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Important notes Introduction varying alloying constituents, this condition is usually fulfilled: the variation of the sound velocity within the material is so slight that it is only of importance for high-precision measurements. In other materials, however, e.g. nonferrous metals and plastics, the sound velocity can vary substantially within the material and cause inaccurate measurement results. Limits of testing Ultrasonic tests can only provide information about those parts of the test object which the sound beam from the probe used has actually passed through. Extreme caution is advised in making any conclusions from the tested areas of the test object as to the condition of those parts of the test object which have not actually been tested. Such conclusions are usually only possible where a large amount of previous data is available and proven methods of statistical evaluation are used. Boundary surfaces within the test object can completely reflect the sound beam so that flaws or reflection points lying deeper remain undetected. Care must therefore be taken to ensure that the sound beam does in fact penetrate all those parts of the test object which are to be tested. Effect of the material of the test object If the test object is not of a single, homogeneous material, then the sound may propagate at different velocities in different parts of the object. In this case, the test range adjustment should be chosen for the average of the different velocities in the different parts of the object. This is done by using a calibration block in which the velocity of sound is the same as the average within the test object. If substantial variations in the velocity of sound within the objects are anticipated, then the instrument should be readjusted at frequent short intervals to the actual sound velocity values present. If this is not done, false results may be obtained for the wall thickness. Wall thickness measurements with ultrasonics All wall thickness measurements with ultrasonics are based on a time-of-flight measurement. Accurate measurement results require a constant sound velocity within the material. In test objects of steel, even with Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-5 Introduction Effect of temperature variations The velocity of sound within the test object also varies as a function of the temperature of the material. This can cause appreciable errors if the instrument has been calibrated on a cold calibration block and is then used on a warm or hot test object. Such errors can be avoided either by warming the calibration block to the same temperature before calibrating, or by using a correction factor obtained from tables. Important notes Assessing flaws using ultrasonics In present-day test practice there are basically two methods of assessing flaws. If the diameter of the sound beam is smaller than the extent of the flaw, then the beam can be used to scan the boundaries of the flaw and thus determine its area. If, however, the diameter of the sound beam is greater than the size of the flaw, the maximum echo response from the flaw must be compared with the maximum echo response from an artificial flaw at the same depth provided for comparison purposes. Measurement of remaining wall thickness The measurement of the remaining wall thickness on plant components such as pipes, tanks and reaction vessels of all types which have been corroded or eroded from the inside requires a suitable test instrument and special care in handling the probe. The test operator must be told the nominal wall thicknesses and the likely amount of the loss due to erosion or corrosion. Flaw boundary scanning method The smaller the diameter of the sound beam from the probe, the more accurately the determined flaw area corresponds to the actual flaw area when scanning the flaw boundaries with the sound beam from a probe. If, however, the sound beam is relatively broad, the determined flaw area can substantially differ from the actual flaw area. Care should therefore be taken to select a probe which will give a sufficiently narrow beam at the position of the flaw. 1-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Important notes Introduction Ultrasound is subject to attenuation as it passes through any material. This attenuation is very small in, for instance, fine grained steel, and also in many small components made of other materials. If, however, the sound travels a large distance into the medium, then even at low attenuation coefficients a large cumulative attenuation can result. There is then a danger that echoes from natural flaws appear too small. For this reason, the effects of sound attenuation on the evaluation results must always be estimated and, if necessary, taken into account. If the test object has a rough surface, part of the incident sound energy will be scattered at its surface and is lost to the test instrument. The larger this initial scattering, the smaller the echoes appear, and the more incorrect also the results of the evaluation. It is therefore important to make an allowance for the surface roughness of the test object and apply a correction to the observed height of the echoes (transfer correction). Echo display comparison method The echo from a small natural flaw is usually smaller than the echo from an artificial comparison flaw (e.g. circular disc reflector) of the same size. This is due, for instance, to the roughness of the surface of a natural flaw, or to the fact that the beam does not impinge on it at right angles. If this fact is not taken into account when assessing natural flaws, there is a danger of underestimating their magnitude. In the case of very jagged or fissured flaws (e.g. shrink holes in castings) it may be that so much scattering of the sound occurs at the surface of the flaw that no flaw echo is produced. In such cases, a different assessment method should be chosen, e.g. backwall echo attenuation method. When testing large components, the distance sensitiveness of the flaw echoes plays an important role. Care should be taken here to choose artificial comparison flaws whose distance sensitivity laws come as close as possible to those of the natural flaws being assessed. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-7 Introduction USN 52R/USN 52L 1.3 USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L are lightweight, compact ultrasonic flaw detectors which is especially well suited for • locating and evaluating material flaws, • measuring wall thicknesses. • documenting all test results and readings. USN 52R: • high-resolution EL display, 146 mm x 67 mm (5.75“ x 2.65“), 552 x 256 pixels USN 52L: • transflective LCD screen, 114 mm x 75 mm (4.5“ x 3.0“), 480 x 320 pixels USN 52R Special features of the two versions: • lightness in weight (2.7 kg including batteries) and small in size, • an easy-to-clean keypad, 1-8 Issue 05, 02/00 USN 52L Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L Introduction • 2-stage adjustment of pulse repetition rate in order to avoid phantom echoes, • indication of amplitude and sound path for flaw testing and thickness measurement, • DAC for convenient display evaluation according to the reference block method (e.g. ASME code, etc.), • analog outputs for external control purposes: proportional voltage for amplitude and sound path of the echo in the monitor gate, • A-scan storage, peak freeze and zoom function, • preview of all stored A-Scans, • locking function to avoid unintentional alteration of set values, • magnified display of measured values for easy reading even from longer distances, • rapid switching between programmable sound velocities, e.g. for longitudinal and transverse waves in steel. • 60 Hz A-scan refresh rate, • mains power or battery operation (max. 5 hours of operation), • on-board Data Logger for storage of up to 2,500 thickness readings in a maximum of 99 freely configurable files, • RS232 interface for data transfer, A-scan displays and reports, or for remote control of the USN 52 R, • storage of 140 (USN 52R) / 100 (USN 52L) control data sets enabling quick calibration and reproducibility of the test, • alphanumeric entry of data set names and display of a directory of all data sets, • frequency ranges from 0.25 - 11 MHz wide band • echo representation: RF signal, full-wave, positive and negative half-wave, • optimized probe matching by means of 4 adjustable damping values between 50 and 1000 ohms, • automatic calibration of the sound velocity and probe delay according to data from 2 calibration echoes (with plausibility check), Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-9 Introduction Remarks on this manual 1.4 Remarks on this manual H Note: This manual applies to the two USN 52 versions USN 52R and USN 52L. The examples shown refer to the USN 52R; however, since function groups and functions of the two instruments are basically the same, the examples also apply to the USN 52L. Only the display size and type are different. For more details on the differences between the two versions, please refer to pages 1-8 and 4-2 to 4-3. Getting to know the adjustment functions Chapters 4 and 5 describe the most important adjustment functions using the corresponding menus. In Chapter 10 you will find a list and a brief description of all functions together with adjustment criteria. Service Chapter 10 also contains a list of After-Sales Service Centers which can be contacted in case of defects. Specifications and basic settings Before starting for the first time Before operating your USN 52 R for the first time, read Chapters 1 and 3 in this manual. There you will find a description of the necessary preparations for starting. In addition to this, you will be informed about the most important adjustment possibilities available on the front panel of the instrument. By doing this, you will avoid interferences or failures and you will be in a position to use the instruments’s function range to the full. The USN 52 R specifications are contained in Chapter 9. There is a basic setting for each adjustment function, this can be seen in the function tables in Chapter 8: default values are shown in bold-face type. 1-10 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Remarks on this manual Introduction Keys – JC / NO / U mean: Press the right or left key. – J / N / T mean: Only press the left key. – C / O / V mean: Only press the right key. Layout of this manual In order to simplify use of this manual, the operating steps are always presented in the same way. This enables you to find information quickly. Descriptions of functions Chapter 5 shows the functions that you require for various operating procedures in the same way as they are displayed by the USN 52 R, e.g.: a-START Operating steps The operating steps are presented in the same way as in the following example: With U mark the second function group in the righthand table. With NO set the function PARITY to ON. H Note: Under Note you will find, for example, references to other chapters or special recommendations. A Attention: The Attention symbol warns you about wrong operation when the correctness of the results is endangered. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 1-11 1-12 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Standard package and accessories 2 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 2-1 Standard package and accessories This chapter gives information about all parts and options supplied for the USN 52R/USN 52L. Among others, it describes: • Accessories in the Standard Package • Accessories required for operation of the instrument • Recommended accessories • Outside products configured for operation with the USN 52R/USN 52L which have been successfully proven and were tested in connection with the instruments at our company. 2-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Standard package Standard package and accessories 2.1 Standard package Product type USN 52R Description Portable ultrasonic flaw detector with high-resolution EL display, with probe connector LEMO 00 with probe connector BNC Portable ultrasonic flaw detector with high-resolution EL display, including DGS function with probe connector LEMO 00 with probe connector BNC Portable ultrasonic flaw detector with transflective LCD screen with probe connector LEMO 00 Portable ultrasonic flaw detector with transflective LCD screen, including DGS function including: Operating manual (English) or Operating manual (German) 28 641 28 642 Order no. 34 900 34 901 USN 52R DGS 34 911 35 022 USN 52L 35 062 35 063 USN 52L DGS Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 2-3 Standard package and accessories Standard package 2.2 Required accessories Product type UN 655 NCA 2-6 Description Power supply/battery charger unit Set of six NiCd batteries Order no. 34 941 25 812 2.3 Recommended accessories UN 777 UN 762 UN 685 UNRCH UNCO TGDL/PC Case with light shield and strap Light shield Charging frame for NiCd batteries External charging adapter cable (connects UN 655 with UN 685) Remote copy switch Cable for transfer of data to the PC. LEMO 00 7-pin to DB 25S. Incl. adaptor DB 25P to DB 9S for AT 34 094 34 093 33 763 18 840 05 301 13 647 2-4 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Recommended outside products Standard package and accessories Description Adaptor DB 25P (gender changer) to connect the USN 52/PC cable to a printer with serial interface (EPSON) Adapter (gender changer) to connect the USN 52/PC cable to a Seiko printer (DPU 414) Connecting cable for analog output (one end open) UltraDOC for USN 50/52 Order no. 13 648 Product type GCH1 GCH3 UNAN UN 100 W 34 797 17 337 33 827 2.4 Recommended outside products Printer EPSON LX-300 Printer Seiko DPU 414 17 995 17 993 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 2-5 2-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Setting into operation 3 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 3-1 Setting into operation It is imperative that you observe the instructions given in this chapter before setting the instrument into operation. Here you will be informed about the necessary preparations before startig the instrument for the first time in order to avoid any damages or wrong measurement results. Positioning the USN 52R/USN 52L 3.1 Positioning the USN 52R/ USN 52L Refer to Chapter 9 concerning the permitted ambient conditions, such as temperature and humidity. Position the instrument on a smooth surface so that the display can be easily read. If the instrument is taken from a cold area into a warm area, you should wait until it has adjusted to the temperature before switching on (avoids condensation). 3.2 Power supply There must be sufficient power in order to guarantee operation. The instrument can be operated with batteries or on mains power via a special instrument charger. 3-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Positioning the USN 52 R Setting into operation Battery operation For battery operation, you will either require 6 NiCd or alkaline batteries (D-cells). The current battery voltage is indicated on the display by a symbol: H Note: The batteries should be exchanged as soon as possible when the charge indication is at about 25%. The instrument automatically switches off when reliable operation can no longer be ensured. We recommend that a spare set of fully charged batteries be available when using the instrument for longer periods outside. When the batteries are exchanged, all settings will remain stored and are instantly available when switching on again. H Note: Used or defective batteries are special refuse and shall be disposed of according to legal regulations. Each battery in the battery pack is secured with a separate holder. AAttention: When inserting the batteries, make sure that the polarities are correct and that the switch in the battery compartment is set to the type of battery being used! Nickel Cadmium (NiCd): Alkaline (Alk): left right Inserting the batteries To insert new batteries, you must first loosen the four screws at the bottom of the instrument (see following figure) and then remove the battery compartment lid. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L This ensures that only rechargeable batteries are charged. Issue 05, 02/00 3-3 Setting into operation Using the battery charger The power supply/charger unit for USN 52R/USN 52L automatically adjusts itself fo the existing supply voltage in the range from 80 to 250 V. The connection for the combined power supply/charger unit is at the rear of the instrument (see following figure). LED LED off Positioning the USN 52R/USN 52L Status - instrument is switched off - no NiCd batteries in the insturment - instrument is set to AlMn - instrument is switched on - NiCd batteries are being charged - instrument is switched off - NiCd batteries are fully charged (trickle charge) LED on LED flashes Connection supply/battery charger A Attention: When using the power supply/charger unit you are able to simultaneously charge NiCd cells in the USN 52 R and operate the instrument. The power supply/charger unit requires 4 to 7 hours in order to fully charge the NiCd cells. The green LED indicates that the power supply/charger unit is connected to mains. The yellow LED of the power supply/charger unit indicates the operational status: 3-4 If you have inserted AlMn cells and the switch is set to NiCd, the internal charge of the cells will be isolated. In this case, the AlMn cells will become quickly hot and the pressure in the cells will cause a leakage of electrolyte after a short period of time. This strongly caustic fluid can damage the instrument! Only use the batteries that we recommend. There is a danger of explosion if the charger and the batteries are incorrectly used. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 Probe connection Setting into operation 3.3 Probe connection The probe connections are on the lower right of the front panel. Connect straight-beam probes to the red socket (Receive - right). With T/R probes, connect the pulser cable to the green socket (left) and the receiver cable to the red socket (right). – Set the pulser power as follows: – Switch the USN 52 R on with K. – Select the function group RCVR by pressing C. – Using N or O, set the damping resistor in function DAMPING There are 4 settings available: 50, 75, 150 and 1000 ohms. 3.4 Starting the USN 52 R Switching on This is the normal way of switching on the USN 52 R. – Press the switch-on key K in the operator’s control panel. After a short time, the start display appears with information about the applied software version and about the instrument configuration. The settings for all function values and default settings are the same as before switching off. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 3-5 Setting into operation Reset If you are not able to operate the functions after a warm start, you must carry out a cold start: – Press A and K together. – Keep A pressed until the A-scan appears. Screen saver 3.5 Screen saver USN 52R/USN 52L are equipped with a screen saver in order to extend the life of the display screen and the operating time of the batteries. If your instrument is on, and you have not pressed a key, and no positive gate violation has occurred for 30 minutes the text/graphics portion of the display will be erased and only a live Ascan trace will be displayed. If a frozen image is being displayed when the unit goes into screen saver mode, the frozen image will be lost. To exit the screen saver mode, you must press a key or have a positive gate violation. The keypress to exit screen saver mode will not change any instrument settings. When screen saver mode is exited, the screen will return to the display which was present before. A Attention: The instrument has now the factory-preset default setting. The dialog language is English. Refer to Chapter 4 for changing the default settings according to your own requirements. 3-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Basics of operation 4 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-1 Basics of operation USN 52R and USN 52L 4.1 USN 52R and USN 52L The present operating manual applies to both instrument versions. Operating concept, operating levels, function groups and functions of the two instruments are basically the same. The only difference is the type and size of the display screen or its setting. USN 52R: The screen brightness of the EL display is set in the function INTENSITY (Please refer to page 5-45). USN 52L: The LCD screen is set using special keys (please refer to page 4-3). USN 52R 4-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R and USN 52L Basics of operation The USN 52L is provided with the following special keys for the LCD screen: l switches the display backlight directly on and off. u varies the brightness / the contrast of the LCD screen. USN 52L Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-3 Basics of operation Display 4.2 Display A-scan display The digital display shows the A-scan either • in the normal mode with measured-value overlay - the value highlighted in the measurement line is overlaid on the display. • in the enlarged mode display mode with overlaid measured value. – Press L for switching over. 4-4 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Display Basics of operation Functions on the display Selected function groups are shown on the display: • In the first operating level one selected function group is displayed in addition to the A-scan. • In the second operating level there are 3 groups compiled into one function table (refer to fold-out page). – Press X for switching between the two operating levels. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-5 Basics of operation Indications beneath the A-scan Measurement line The current measurement results are displayed here. The contents of this line depend on the settings of the functions MEASURE, TOF, AMPLITUDE, FILE MODE, ANGLE and X-VALUE. Display Status line Symbols appear here which indicate certain settings, e.g. battery charge status (please refer to fold-out page). 4-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Display Basics of operation Menu line The function groups in the first operating level are displayed here. The selected group is inverted. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-7 Basics of operation Keypad 4.2 Keypad Function keys – Below: for function group selection and for switching over between operating levels. – To the right: for changing instrument settings and values. Special keys – for special instrument functions 4-8 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Keypad Basics of operation Special keys of the USN 52L for setting the display For switching the backlight on and off, and for setting the contrast/brightness. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-9 Basics of operation Operational concept 4.3 Operational concept The functions are divided into two operating levels. – In the first operating level you will find the most frequently used functions divided into seven function groups. You can toggle between the function groups as you like. – The second operating level contains seven groups of functions which do not influence the A-scan. That is why the A-scan is removed here and the whole screen used for display of the function tables between which you are able to switch back and forth as you like. Setting the function To the right of each function you will find a pair of keys M. With N you will decrease the displayed value and with O you will increase it. Accelerated adjustment You are able to accelerate the adjustment of all functions having a certain adjustment range in order to quickly bridge large differences between the values. Press N or O and keep it pressed. The accelerated adjustment is completed as soon as the key is released. Example: Adjustment of sound velocity Changing the operating levels Press X in order to toggle between the first and the second operating level. – Select the function group BASIC. – In MTL VEL press N or O in order to change the sound velocity. Selection of function groups and functions – With J or C you can select a function group. – With T or V you can change between the function tables in the second operating level. 4-10 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Operational concept Basics of operation Selection of measured value for enlarged display Using U in the measurement line select the value which is to be enlarged on the display. With U you also can toggle between graticule scaling in scale divisions (Div.) and display of the RANGE/ DELAY in the measurement line. For this, either the function GATE LOGIC or MEASURE must be set to OFF (both functions: lower operating level). 4.4 Function keys With the function keys you select functions and change the indicated settings: Key Function K F Switches the USN 52 R on and off Returns to the first operating level and to the BASIC function group Selects measured values or function tables Selects function group. Changes active setting Change of operating level U I M X Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-11 Basics of operation Keys for special functions 4.5 Keys for special functions Important functions and special functions can be selected via special keys on the right-hand side of the operating field: Key Function Only USN 52L The USN 52L is provided with two additional special keys on the left-hand side of the display. They are used for setting the LCD screen. Key Function D dB-Step – Changes step size for the gain setting dB-REF – Stores reference echo Display freeze – Freezes display Copy – Transmits data to the RS232 interface Zoom – Expands the echo display over the whole screen Magnify – Expands the gate over the whole display width Lock on/off – Locks function values l Backlight - Switches the display backlight on and off. Contrast - varies the brightness / contrast of the LCD screen. B E A u L H G 4-12 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Important basic settings Basics of operation – Set the required language in the LANGUAGE function with N or O. – You will return to the first operating level with X or F. 4.6 Important basic settings Set language In the LANGUAGE function in the second operating level you can select the language in which the names of the functions are to be displayed. The following languages are available: • German • English • Italian • French • Spanish • Portuguese Operation: – Change to the second level with X. – Select the left-hand function table with T V. – Highlight the left function group with C. • Swedish • Danish • Norwegian • Finnish • Dutch • Russian Setting the measurement units In the function MEAS. UNITS in the second operating level you can determine the measurement units in which you wish to operate the instrument (mm or inches). Operation: – Change to the second operating level with X. – Select the left-hand function table with T V. – Highlight the left function group with C. – Using N or O in MEAS. UNITS set the required units. – You will return to the first operating level with X or F. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 4-13 4-14 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Operation 5 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-1 Operation Function overview 5.1 Function overview (first operating level) In the first operating level you will find all functions required for basic adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L. They are compiled into function groups allocated to certain operation tasks. In order to change between the function groups, press J or C. Function group BASIC Contents Here you can enter the basic settings for the measurement Here you can set the functions of the receiver. In this group you will find the functions for DUAL/SINGLE changeover Contains all functions for adjusting the positions of both gates. Contains all functions for the calibration of the digital sound path measurement. Contains functions for storing your data into the memory. You can use these functions to operate the DAC/TCG. RCVR PULS GATE S-CAL MEM TCG 5-2 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52 R Operation 5.2 Adjustment of the USN 52R/ USN 52L GAIN Gain adjustment D -Setting the dB STEP You set the gain with a certain step size which you can select with D. There are five steps available: • 6.5 to 24 dB (variable via dB STEP in the second operating level, refer to Chapter 5.6) • 6.0 dB • 2.0 dB • 1.0 dB • 0.5 dB • 0.1 dB Operation: • Press D in order to change between the five steps. The set step is displayed as a value in the GAIN function. With this function the echoes of the reflectors to be detected are amplified so that they appear on the display at the required height. In order that you are able to change the gain at any time, you will find this function in all function groups of the first operating level. Operation: – Change the setting of GAIN with M. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-3 Operation Selection of basic data In this function you set the different values which serve as a measurement basis and for the display indication. – With JC go to the BASIC function group. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L RANGE Calibration range In this function you set the display range for the A-Scan. In doing this, you can select between two settings: • coarse: in steps 5 mm 10 mm 25 mm 50 mm - 100 mm - 125 mm - 200 mm - 250 mm - 500 mm - 1000 mm - 5000 mm • fine: continuous from 5.0 mm bis 5000 mm. The function name appears in small letters (“Range”). Operation: – Press N or O in order to change between the steps or to continuously select the required value. – Coarse/Fine change-over: Simultaneously press N and O in RANGE. 5-4 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation Operation: – Press M to change the displayed value. The set value is displayed in the MTL VEL function. – Coarse/Fine change-over: Simultaneously press N and O in MTL VEL. H Note: The setting is limited by the set sound velocity. The measurement units for all settings – mm or inches – can be selected in the second operating level. MTL VEL Setting the sound velocity In this function you enter the test object’s sound velocity as a reference value. You have two possibilities: Coarse: switch between the two preset values, e.g. 3353 m/s or 5918 m/s. Fine: set a value between 1000 m/s and 9999 m/s. The name of the function appears in small letters (mtl vel) H Note: You can select the two values for the coarse setting in the second operating level. DELAY Setting the delay In this function the timing of the sweep start is adjusted. Operation: – Set a value between -20 ľs and 999 ľs (range dependent) in steps of 0.008 ľs with M. – Reset delay to 0.000 ľs: simultaneously press N and O in DELAY. H Note: In order to take the probe delay into account, you must calibrate the probe zero point with ZERO in the function group S-CAL. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-5 Operation Setting the receiver All functions for adjustment of the receiver can be found in the function group RCVR. – With JC go to the function group RCVR. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L FREQ. Frequency With this function you can set the operating frequency. You can choose between four settings: • 0.4 - 10 MHz • 2 - 8 MHz • 3 - 10 MHz • 0.3 - 4 MHz Operation: – Select the required setting in FREQ. using M. = broadband amplifier = 4MHz according to DIN 25 450 = high frequency range = low frequency range 5-6 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation RECTIF. Setting the rectification mode DAMPING Electrical damping of the probe You can use the function DAMPING to connect various resistors in parallel to the probe in order to achieve an optimum matching of the probe’s electrical impedance to the instrument. – Select a low value with broadband probes, or if you wish to improve the near resolution. – Select a high value if you are using narrow-band probes, or if you need a high sound intensity. Operation: Set the required value in DAMPING using M. In the RECTIF. function you select the rectification mode of the echo pulses according to the application. You have the following possibilities: • FULL (full-wave): All half-waves above the base line are displayed • RF (radio-frequency display): All signals are displayed in their original form. H Note: The RF display mode is only adjustable if the function INTENSITY (display brightness) is set to LOW and the range does not exceed 196 mm (with 5920 mm). • NEG HALF (negative half-wave): Only negative halfwaves are displayed. • POS HALF (positive half-wave): Only positive halfwaves are displayed. Operation: – Select the required setting in RECTIF. with M. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-7 Operation Setting the pulser In the function group PULS you can change the operating mode and the pulse repetition rate of the pulser as well as operate the reject function. – Use JC to go to the function group PULS. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L PULSER Changeover of initial pulse You can use this function to change between the singleelement or dual (T/R) mode for the instrument operation: • SINGLE: single-element operation mode; the probe connector sockets are connected in parallel. • DUAL: dual (T/R) operation mode; the initial pulse is available at the green socket - the red socket is connected to the amplifier input. Select this setting if you are using a dual (T/R) probe or the through-transmission mode. Operation: – Select the required setting in PULSER using M. H Note: The corresponding symbol will be displayed in the status line: Single Dual 5-8 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation REP-RATE Repetition rate REJECT Suppression of spurious echoes With the REJECT function you are able to suppress unwanted signals, e.g. material noise. The setting, given in percent, indicates the height that echoes have to reach in order to be displayed in the first place. Operation: In REJECT set the required percentage value with M. The number of the ultrasonic signals emitted per second is varied using this function. This enables selective suppression of spurious or interference echoes and especially phantom echoes which may occur when testing larger test objects. The function enables two settings: • HIGH: Maximum pulse repetition rate (113 to 905 Hz, depending on the range setting); default setting. • LOW: Reduced pulse repetition rate (56 to 452 Hz, depending on the range setting); for testing larger test objects or in case any statistical noise signals occur. Operation: In REP-RATE set the required percentage value with M. A Attention: Be careful with this function because flaw echoes can also be suppressed. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-9 Operation Gate adjustment All functions for adjustment of Gates a and b are contained in the function group GATE. – With JC go to function group GATE. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L make the two gates a and b available. Gate b is only required for the measurement or calibration of multi-echo sequences and enables the measurement of the distance between two echoes. The flaw Gate b is dependent of Gate a and is correspondingly adjusted: • b-START: at 10% to 90% of a-WIDTH (after aSTART) • b-THRESH: 10% to 90% screen height A Attention: When both gates are superimposed on each other, the wrong values can be indicated with a wrongly selected Gate b. Both gates evaluate only within the visible area of the display. If there are gates or parts of gates outside this area, an evaluation will not be made. The gates have two tasks: • They monitor the area of the test object in which a flaw is expected. When an echo exceeds or falls below the gate, a warning signal can be activated. • They select the echoes for the digital time-of-flight or amplitude measurement. 5-10 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation The exact gate position is defined by two further parameters: • Gate start (a-START) • Gate width (a-WIDTH) Operation: The MULTECHO setting of the function MEASURE (lower operating level) is a prerequisite for operation. • Simultaneously press N and O in a-WIDTH or a-THRESH in order to switch to the settings for Gate b. a-START Start of the gate a-THRESH Determination of threshold With this function you determine the threshold for the selected gate. You can set a range from 10% to 90% screen height in 1% steps. Operation: – Set the required threshold value in a-THRESH with M. The selected gate is displayed as a line. If there is a violation of the set threshold (signals exceeding or falling below it), an alarm is activated. In the function a-START you determine the start of Gate a within a range from 0 to 5000 mm (continuous). a-WIDTH Width of the gate In the function a-WIDTH you determine the width within a range from 1 to 5000 mm (continuous). Operation: – Set the gate position in a-START and a-WIDTH with the assigned M keys. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-11 Operation Calibration functions USN 52R/USN 52L are accurately calibrated using the functions of the function group S-CAL. – With I go the function group S-CAL. H Note: Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Read Chapter 5.3 first in order to exactly set the sound velocity and the probe delay. H Note: Refer also to the AUTO CAL function in Chapter 5.3. The function group S-CAL correspondingly changes when this function is used. a-START Gate start The active value for the gate start, which you have entered into the function group GATE, is displayed in a-START. If necessary, you can make a subsequent change to this value here. H Note: In order to obtain the correct setting, you must have selected the display range, according to the test task, in the function group BASIC beforehand. 5-12 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Adjustment of the USN 52 R Operation MTL VEL Sound velocity A Attention: Always make sure that the sound velocity in MTL VEL is set correctly! The instrument calculates all interval and distance indications using the values which have been set here. In MTL VEL you set the value for the sound velocity in the material under test. You can change between preset fixed values or continuously adjust the value. Operation: – Set the sound velocity in MTL VEL with M, e.g. 5920 m/s (longitudinal wave velocity in steel). H Note: The default value for the sound velocity can be changed in the second operating level (functions VELOCITY # 1 and VELOCITY # 2) if you frequently operate with other materials (refer to Chapter 5.6). Adjustment of the freely selected value: – Simultaneously press NO in MTL VEL. – Change the setting with M. With free adjustment of the value, the function name appears in small letters (mtl vel). In this way you are able to recognize which mode of adjustment you have selected. ZERO Probe delay Each probe has a delay block (protective layer, delay wedge with angle-beam probes) between the element and the coupling surface. The initial pulse must be transmitted through this delay block before the sound can enter the test object. The ZERO function allows you to take into account the loss of time caused by the delay block in order to achieve the correct measurement of all sound paths in the test object. Operation: Set the value for the probe delay in ZERO using M. H Note: If the value for ZERO is not known, read Chapter 5.3 beforehand in order to determine this value. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-13 Operation Storing data This group contains functions for storage and recall of your data. – With I go the function group MEM. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Data set names and MEMO mode in chapter 5.10 on this. RECALL Loading of a stored setting With this function you can load the instrument settings (data set) which you have previously stored. If a data set contains a stored setting, this will be indicated by the symbol I in the RECALL function. A Attention: The active settings will be overwritten, therefore store beforehand in order to save them. Operation: – With M switch to ON so that the settings can be loaded. When the sequence is finished, the display automatically changes to OFF. H Note: To be able to find everything better, you can store a name (max. 8 alphanumeric characters) with every data set. If the MEMO function is activated, you have additional possibilities of data set description (free formulation of texts or filling-in of predetermined header fields) to improve the documentation. Please read the sections 5-14 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L – Acknowledge system safety prompt with F. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation – Acknowledge system safety prompt with F. – If required, enter the required additional information in the displayed MEMO menu (please see chapter 5.10). SET# Selection of data set You are able to select the required data set number with this function. If necessary, an allocated data set name will be displayed at the same time. Additionally, you can give each data set a name with which it is stored. Refer to Chapter 5.10 Entering and displaying data set names. Operation: – Select a number between 1 and 140 (USN 52R) / 1 and 100 (USN 52L) with M. Clearing the instrument setting An instrument setting which is stored can be overwritten after you have disabled the write protection. You can reallocate the data set. Operation: – Simultaneously press N and O in the RECALL function. – Acknowledge system safety prompt with F. Write protection is disabled. The symbol I is deleted. The data set can now be reallocated. STORE Storing the instrument settings With this function you store the active instrument settings and the active A-scan under the number indicated in SET#. If the data set is already allocated (symbol I) you cannot overwrite it. You must firstly clear the old data set. Operation: – Switch to ON with M to store the setting. When the process is completed, the display automatically changes to OFF. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-15 Operation Clearing all data You can clear all data sets (data logger and active instrument settings). Operation: – Switch off the instrument. – Keep keys F , E and K simultaneously for approximately 10 seconds. All data sets are now cleared. Adjustment of the USN 52R/USN 52L If additional information was stored for this data set by means of the MEMO function, the first 46 characters of this additional information are displayed in the menu bar (please refer to chapter 5.10). – You can scroll through all stored data sets using M. The corresponding A-Scans are displayed. – If you require to load a displayed data set, set the RECALL function to ON using M and acknowledge system safety prompt with F. The preview function will then be switched off. – If you do not wish to load a data set: exit the preview function by pressing N and O simultaneously in SET#. Displaying stored A-Scans (preview) In the function group MEM you have the possibility to display all A-Scans belonging to the stored data sets without having to load them simultaneously. In this way, you obtain a quick overlook of your stored data. Operation: – Simultaneously press N and O in the function SET#. The selected data set’s A-Scan is displayed. At the same time, the function GAIN is changed in DATA SET PREVIEW as recognition of this preview function. 5-16 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L calibration Operation – the size of the flaw can be determined by comparison with a known reflector. H Note: For all calibration procedures, use a calibration block which is made of the same material and has the same temperature as your test object. The following examples show three main methods of ultrasonic testing: • Testing with a straight-beam probe, • Vertical testing with a dual (T/R) probe, • Angle beaming with an angle-beam probe (transverse waves). With all calibrations you must – set the pulser and receiver according to the test task and – decide whether you are going to use the FLANK or PEAK mode for your measurements (MEASURE function int the lower operating level) before calibrating. 5.3 USN 52R/USN 52L calibration Calibration of display range Before you operate the instrument, you must calibrate it. Depending on the material and the dimensions of the test object, the sound velocity and the calibration range have to be set and the probe delay taken into consideration. In addition, the test sensitivity has to be adjusted according to the specified requirements. A Attention: In order to reliably operate the instrument, adequate training in ultrasonics is required. Calibration guarantees that – the total thickness of the test object is displayed, – the distance to the flaw or to the backwall of the test object can be determined using the horizontal position of the echo, or it can be digitally displayed, – all flaws are displayed which must be detected according to test specifications, Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-17 Operation Recommendation: As long as the echoes to be evaluated indicate a distinct maximum amplitude, select the PEAK mode of measurement. Basic adjustment: Before calibrating the instrument, you must carry out the following basic adjustment: Group BASIC Function DELAY RANGE Setting 0.000 ms adjust – Set RANGE to 100 mm USN 52R/USN 52L calibration – Set known sound velocity MTL VEL (5920 m/s) – Position the gate over the first calibration echo out of 25 mm – Adjust ZERO so that “S=25.0" is displayed in the measurement line The display range is now calibrated for the described task. Sound velocity unknown, no delay block – Set MEASURE to MULTECHO Calibration with a straight-beam probe Known sound velocity, no delay block – Set sound velocity MTL VEL – Position Gate a over one of the echoes – Adjust ZERO so that the correct “S=...”-value is indicated in the measurement line. Example: Carry out the calibration on a flat calibration block V1 (thickness: 25 mm) for a calibration range of 100 mm. 5-18 – Set the gates so that the first echo is evaluated in Gate a and the second echo in Gate b. Attention: Be careful of node errors when adjusting the threshold! – Adjust the sound velocity MTL VEL until the displayed reading (sound path between the two backwall echoes) corresponds to the actual thickness of the test object. If necessary, you have to readjust the gate parameters. – Set MEASURE to 0 TO 1st Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L calibration Operation – Increase ZERO until the correct sound path for the echo in the gate is displayed. Straight-beam probe with delay Calibration with straight-beam probes, which have a greater delay path, mainly corresponds to the above calibration for straight-beam probes which only have the protection layer as a delay path. Unlike the above procedure, you have to start by making the following adjustments: – Set DELAY and ZERO to 0 – Preadjust ZERO so that the first interface echo is at the zero point of the scale. – Adjust RANGE so that, with a known sound velocity, the first interface echo and at least the first backwall echo appear, and, with an unknown sound velocity, at least two backwall echoes appear before the second interface echo. – From this point, proceed the same as for both previous cases. – Increase ZERO until the correct sound path value for the echo is displayed. Example: – Carry out calibration on a 25 mm thick test piece for a calibration range of 100 mm. – Set RANGE to 100 mm – Set ZERO to 0.000 s – If possible, when in MTL VEL, set an approximate value for the sound velocity – Set MEASURE to MULTECHO – Adjust the gates so that the first echo is evaluated in Gate a and the second in Gate b. Attention: Be careful of node errors when setting the threshold! – Adjust the sound velocity MTL VEL until the displayed reading (sound path between the two backwall echoes) corresponds to the actual thickness of the test object. If necessary, you have to readjust the gate parameters. – Set MEASURE to 0 TO 1st Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-19 Operation Calibration with angle-beam probes Known sound velocity In this case, it is sufficient when there is an echo from a known reflector with a known distance, e.g. the arc of the calibration block V1, V2. – Enter known sound velocity MTL VEL – Set Gate a to the first echo – Set ZERO so that the correct value is displayed in the measurement line “S=...”. Example: Calibration of the 100 mm range for steel (trans) using calibration block V2 – Enter sound velocity MTL VEL (3255 m/s) – Set RANGE to 100 mm. – Set DELAY and ZERO to 0. – Couple the probe and peak the first echo from the 25 mm radius of V2. – Set Gate a to the first arc echo. USN 52R/USN 52L calibration – Adjust ZERO so that “S=25" is displayed in the measurement line. The display range is now calibrated. For the measurement you can now enter the values for ANGLE, XVALUE and THICKNESS. Unknown sound velocity In this case you will require a calibration block made of the test material. A semicylinder is suitable for this purpose. Couple the probe to the plane of section of the semicylinder with the radius R, and peak the first echo from the semicircle. An echo sequence occurs with the sound paths R, 3R, 5R, etc. You apply these echoes for calibration the same as the backwall echoes described above which come from a plane-parallel calibration piece with vertical beaming. 5-20 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52 R calibration Operation Calibration with a dual (T/R) probe Above all, dual (T/R) probes are mainly used for thickness measurement. When applying these probes observe the following characteristics: The FLANK mode Most dual (T/R) probes have a roof angle (an element which is at an angle to the surface of the test object). Due to this, mode conversions occur with sound entry and at the reflection on the backwall which can cause rugged, wide echoes. This is the reason why you should always select FLANK in TOF. In order to obtain steep increasing flanks, which enable a higher measurement accuracy, you can use the Reject function if necessary. In this regard, refer to the information on the DAMPING function. V-path error With dual (T/R) probes, there is a V-shaped sound path from the pulser to the receiver element via the reflection from the backwall. This “V-path” influences the measurement accuracy. Therefore, you should select two thicknesses which include the expected thickness range. The V-path error can be largely compensated in this way. Issue 05, 02/00 5-21 Example: Calibration on a semicylinder having a radius of R=50 mm at a test range of 200 mm. – Set RANGE to 200 mm. – Set DELAY and ZERO to 0. – Set MEASURE to MULTECHO. – Couple the probe and peak the echoes. – Adjust the gate so that the first arc echo (Ž 50 mm sound path) in Gate a and the second arc echo (Ž 150 mm sound path) in Gate b are evaluated. – Set the sound velocity MTL VEL so that “S=100" is displayed in the measurement line – Set MEASURE to 0 TO 1st – Set Gate a to an echo – Set ZERO so that “S=50" is displayed in the measurement line The calibration has now been completed. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Operation Higher sound velocity Due to the V-path error, a higher sound velocity than the test material is required when calibrating, especially with smaller thicknesses. This is typical of dual (T/R) probes and acts as compensation of the V-path error. Owing to the described effect there is a drop in the echo amplitude with smaller thicknesses which should be carefully observed with values < 2 mm. A calibration block having different thicknesses must be used for calibration. The thicknesses are to be selected so that they include the expected measurement value. – Set PULSER in the function group PULS to DUAL. – Set RANGE according to the test task and the probe being used.. – Set TOF to FLANK. – Couple the probe to the thinner part of the calibration block and peak the echo. – Set the flank as steeply as possible by adjusting the gain. – Set Gate a on the first echo. – Set ZERO in the function group S-CAL so that the measurement line display the correct value at “S=...”. 5-22 USN 52R/USN 52L calibration – Couple the probe to the thicker part of the calibration block and peak the echo. – Set the flank as steeply as possible by adjusting the gain. – Set Gate a on the first echo. – Set the sound velocity “C” so that the correct value is displayed in the measurement line at “S=...”. Automatic calibration The instrument has an automatic calibration capability via the function AUTO CAL. Two calibration echoes must be entered. The instrument then carries out a plausibility check and automatically sets the parameter. – Set the function AUTO CAL in the second operation level (right function table) to ON. – Return to the first operation level with X and select function group S-CAL with I. The function group S-CAL changes in preparation for the automatic calibration and now contains the CAL function (calibration) as well as the function S-REF (sound path for the reference echo). Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L USN 52R/USN 52L calibration Operation the setting using the echo of a known distance, other than those used for calibration. Operation: – In the function CAL press N and O simultaneously. The function is now enabled. – REC 0 is displayed, indicating that no calibration echo has been recordet yet. – Set the gate onto the first calibration echo and enter the sound path in S-REF using M. – Save the first calibration echo using M in the CAL function. On the display: REC 1. – Set the gate onto the second calibration echo and enter the sound path in S-REF using M. – Save the second calibration echo using M in thte CAL function. On the display: REC 2. – Press O on CAL again to terminate the 2-step calibration procedure. Automatic calibration is carried out after the instrument has calculated the entered parameters and made a plausibility check. H Note: To verify a correct instrument calibration, always check Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Preparing the instrument for digital measurement USN 52R/USN 52L must be calibrated to the material to be tested in order to give the correct measurement readings. H Note: For all calibration procedures, use a calibration block with a known thickness, made of the same material and having the same temperature as your test object. Preconditions: To start with, calibrate the A-scan display as described in the preceding section. Carry out the following basic settings: GATE LOGIC: POSITIVE, NEGATIVE or MEASURE MEASURE: 0 TO 1st – for measurement to the first echo in the gate. By this, the thickness or the flaw position can be measured. 5-23 Issue 05, 02/00 Operation MEASURE: MULTECHO – for measurement between the first echoes in the gate sections. Above all, this setting is suitable for thickness measurement in the multiecho sequences. TOF: According to the application. Recall of dB difference: USN 52R/USN 52L calibration – Set AMPLITUDE to dB THRESHOLD. – Position the gate onto the required echo. The dB difference is now displayed in the measurement line. It indicates the dB amount by which the flaw echo falls below or exceeds the reference echo. Calibrating the sensitivity – B B is of great help for sensitivity calibration. With B you store a reference echo as a basis for your measurement and amplitude evaluation. Gain differences in dB between the amplitudes of any echoes and the stored echo are directly displayed in the measurement line as ”H=”. Operation: – Couple the probe and peak the reference echo, – Adjust the gain so that the echo reaches the required height. – Position Gate a on the reference echo. This must be the highest echo in the gate, – Press B. The reference echo is now stored. The value is reset by pressing again. 5-24 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L DAC/TCG Operation In this regard, the gain is varied as a function of the time of flight in such a way that the echoes appear equally high on the display irrespective of their distance. This means that the echo amplitude now only depends on the reflection characteristic of the flaw. If you use a calibration block provided with artificial flaws corresponding to the natural flaws of your test object for recording the DAC, you can use this echo amplitude for the evaluation of the reflector without having to make any other corrections. The calibration block should be made of the same material as the test object. Each artificial flaw is scanned, the echo is peaked and then recorded. The DAC brings the echo sequence to 80% screen height. During this, the instrument sets the gain to the gain value of the highest echo. The maximum dynamic range is 40 dB; the maximum slope of the curve is 6 dB/ľs; the maximum number of curve points is 9. 5.4 DAC/TCG The DAC/TCG function enables you to: • record a Distance-Amplitude Curve and to store it as an essential part of the current data set. • display the Distance-Amplitude Curve (DAC) of the reference echoes. • activate the Time-Corrected Gain (TCG) which increases the gain as a function of distance so that all reference echoes attain the same height. The amplitude evaluation of echo indications is now carried out in relation to the first reference echo. • activate the TCG as above, however, with simultaneous representation of the DAC/TCG function. Due to the angle of beam spread of the sound beam and the sound attenuation in the material, the echo height of equally sized reflectors depends on their distance to the probe. The DAC/TCG in the USN 52R/USN 52L can correct these influences. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-25 Operation Function group TCG With these functions you can operate all DAC/TCG modes. Use C to go to the function group TCG: DAC/TCG mode DAC/TCG With this function you can determine the DAC/TCG mode: OFF: No DAC/TCG is active. DAC: The already stored Distance-Amplitude Curve is displayed on the screen. TCG: The TCG is calculated on the basis of the curve so that all reference echoes reach the same screen height: TCG (=Time-Corrected Gain). Echoes from the test object are now evaluated in relation to a reference echo. H Note: • With active TCG the symbol T is displayed in the status line. • In the TCG setting, the lowest function DAC ECHO changes to CURVE. You can additionally have the progress of the gain increase displayed by a curve at this point if you wish: CURVE = ON. 5-26 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L DAC/TCG Operation • The two settings DAC and TCG can only be switched on if a curve was recorded beforehand, or if a data set containing a curve was recalled. REC: Use this setting to prepare the instrument for the recording of a DAC curve. A curve that possibly already exists is deleted. a-START: With this, you can determine the starting point of the gate (please also refer to function group GATE). This function is repeated here because it is required for recording a curve and for the echo evaluation. DAC ECHO: The DAC ECHO function shows the number of curve points (reference echoes) and is used in the recording mode (REC) for recording the next reference echo. Operation: Before starting to record a reference curve, you have to carry out a correct instrument calibration first. This especially applies to the functions: RANGE, MTL VEL, FREQ., RECTIF. and DAMPING due to the fact that a variation of these functions is no longer possible with an active DAC or TCG. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-27 Operation Recording a Distance-Amplitude Curve 5.5 Recording a DistanceAmplitude Curve A Attention: Recording of a new curve will delete a curve that possibly already exists. If necessary, make sure that the old curve is stored in a free data set before you start recording a new curve! Use C to go to the function group DAC. – Press the JC keys simultaneously to switch the DAC/TCG function to the record mode: DAC/TCG = REC. – The DAC ECHO function is at 0 as no echo has been recorded yet. – Couple the probe to the reference block and peak the first reference echo. Bring the echo with Gain to about 80% screen height. – Move the gate onto the corresponding echo with a-START. The gate threshold must be adjusted so that the echo exceeds it. – Switch on DAC ECHO now: All reference echo data (sound path, amplitude and gain setting) are stored in the instrument, and the DAC ECHO function shows the number 1. – Peak the next reference cho. – Position the gate onto the echo and readjust the gain if required until the echo exceeds the threshold. – Switch on the DAC ECHO: The data of the second echo are stored DAC ECHO = 2. You will now already recognize that there is a curve between the amplitude of the first echo and the gaincorrected amplitude of the second echo. 5-28 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Recording a Distance-Amplitude Curve Operation – Continue to proceed in this way until all available reference echoes are recorded. – Switch on the curve now by setting the DAC/TCG function to DAC: The record mode is automatically switched off, the curve is displayed, and all echo indications can be evaluated relative to this curve. H Note: The DAC/TCG function is now marked with “*“ indicating that the current setting contains a DAC curve. The marking DAC/TCG* also appears when the function is switched off. – If you require an evaluation in the TCG mode, switch the DAC/TCG function over to TCG. All reference echoes will now be at approx. 80% screen height. At the same time, you can now have a graphic display of the gain increase with the CURVE function. – All echoes will from now on be evaluated in relation to the reference height (dBR); this is the height of the first reference echo. – To be on the safe side, store this setting in a free data set. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-29 Operation H Note: If the DAC/TCG is active, the symbol T is additionally displayed in the status line: Recording a Distance-Amplitude Curve 5-30 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Echo evaluation with DAC/TCG Operation • Choose the echo amplitude (as dB difference to the curve) using the T V -keys for an enlarged representation in the A-scan. 5.6 Echo evaluation with DAC/TCG To be able to evaluate a flaw indication by means of the DAC/TCG, certain requirements have to be met: • The Distance-Amplitude Curve must already be recorded. • It only applies to the same probe that was used for recording the curve. Not even another probe of the same type must be used! • The curve and the DAC/TCG only apply to the material that corresponds with the material of the reference block. • All functions affecting the echo amplitude must be set as they were during recording of the curve. This especially applies to the following functions: DAMPING, FREQ.,RECTIF., MTL VEL, PULSER and REJECT. • TOF is set to PEAK. • AMPLITUDE is set to dB THRESHOLD. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-31 Operation DAC mode – Peak the echo of an assumed flaw and shift the gate so that the echo data are evaluated. – You can read the sound path in the measurement line and, in addition with angle-beam probes, the (reduced) projection distance and the flaw depth. You can immediately see from the A-scan whether or not the echo has to be recorded. The recording threshold violations in dB can also be easily determined: – Adjust the gate threshold exactly to the point of intersection of the curve with the assumed flaw indication. The enlarged reading in the A-scan indicates the amount of dB by which the flaw echo exceeds the curve, i.e. the amount by which the echo indication exceeds the reference echo. Echo evaluation with DAC/TCG 5-32 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Echo evaluation with DAC/TCG Operation – You can read the sound path in the measurement line and, in addition with angle-beam probes, the (reduced) projection distance and the flaw depth. The enlarged reading in the A-scan (dBR) indicates the amount in dB by which the flaw echo exceeds or falls below the reference echo. The result of an amplitude evaluation is not affected by a gain variation, i.e. the indicated gain difference dBR is always the difference between the flaw echo and the reference echo. TCG mode A Attention: An echo amplitude evaluation as measurement of the difference to the reference echo is only possible if the reference height (height of the first reference echo) stored during the reference echo recording still applies. If another echo is stored as reference echo with [dBRef] after recording of the curve, the original reference echo is lost. If this is the case, then you need for a flaw evaluation again the reference block with which the Distance-Amplitude Curve was recorded. After switching-on of the TCG mode, all echoes from the reference flaws reach the height of the first reference echo. In addition, you can position the gate over the entire evaluation range so that each echo is directly measured. – Peak the echo from an assumed flaw. If necessary, increase the gain until the echo exceeds the gate threshold. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-33 Operation Measuring thickness 5.7 Measuring thickness USN 52R/USN 52L enable you to measure thickness and distance in a simple way. The measured value is directly displayed. One of the following two methods of measurement is used, depending on the application: • Measurement to the first echo – e.g. corrosion measurement with a dual (T/R) probe • Measurement of the multi-echo sequence with a single- element probe on a test object which has a good surface on both sides Preparations – Select probe – Set MEASURE (refer to previous section) – Select TOF (refer to Page 5-9) – Calibrate A-scan display – Calibrate the USN 52 R for the selected probe and the measurement mode (refer to previous section) Measuring the thickness – Clean the surface of the test object from dirt and any loose particles – Apply couplant to the surface of the test object – Using slight and even pressure, couple the probe – Observe A-scan display and S=...”-value until the measured value display is stable – Maximize the echo amplitude – Read measured value H Note: If you are operating with MULTECHO in MEASURE, observe Gate b in order to evaluate the correct echo. You can store the displayed measurement values in the Data Logger or transfer them into another instrument via the RS232 interface. 5-34 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Storing measured values - Data Logger Operation Determining the number of FILES You determine the total number of FILES (max. 99) – the instrument automatically determines the number of measurement locations according to the following formula: Number of measurement locations = 2500 : Number of FILES The first measured value of each FILE is automatically allocated the number 1. However, you can also select another measurement location. All the following measured values are consecutively filed until all measurement locations are full or until you select another FILE or measurement location. H Note: You can only determine the number of FILES when the Data Logger is empty. 5.8 Storing measured values Data Logger The Data Logger helps you to store and manage your measurement results. These are saved even when the batteries are removed. The stored measured values can be: • displayed • deliberately deleted • transferred to a peripheral • output via a PC or printer A number of measurements are compiled into one “FILE”. To file measured values in the Data Logger you must • determine the required number of FILES • select a FILE Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-35 Operation Operation: – Change to the second operating level and select the function group for the Data Logger. – Set the required number of FILES in FILE NUMBER: SET #01 = 1 FILE, SET #02 = 2 FILES, etc. – Simultaneously press M when the required number is displayed. The memory is correspondingly set up. You can store the measurement results. The Data Logger has the following presettings: FILE MODE: MEASURE: GATE LOGIC: COPY MODE: THICKNESS 0 TO 1st POSITIVE DATA LOGGER Storing measured values - Data Logger Selecting a FILE If the instrument was switched off or if the Data Logger was selected, then the FILE number last selected is automatically active. In order to select another number: Operation: – Change to the second operating level and select the function group of the Data Logger. – Set the required number in FILE NUMBER. The active status of each FILE number is displayed: EMPTY: File is empty. ACTIVE: File contains at least one reading. FULL: All measurement locations in this FILE are allocated. ALL CLEAR: You must first enter the number of FILES. 5-36 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Storing measured values - Data Logger Operation Storing measured values A measured value is only stored if it is not equal to 0 and if the active measurement location is empty. To start with, set the following values: FILE NUMBER: FILE MODE: COPY MODE: MEASURE: EMPTY or ACTIVE THICKNESS DATA LOGGER 0 TO 1st or MULTECHO Clearing FILES All cleared data are irrevocably lost. Therefore, transfer the data to a PC or printer beforehand if necessary. Operation: – Change to the second operating level and select the function group for the Data Logger. – Select the data set in FILE NUMBER which you wish to delete. Select ALL CLEAR to completely delete the Data Logger. The thickness value is displayed in the A-scan mode at the top right-hand side. The measurement line shows: • LOC: the memory slot number of the selected FILE. The next measured value will be stored here. • VAL: the value which is stored on the displayed measurement location. Operation: Press A to store the measured value. H Note: You should transfer data to a PC in order to save them permanently. You can order the software which is required for data transfer from Krautkrämer (refer to Chapter 2). A Attention: All deleted data are irretrievably lost! – Simultaneously press M in FILE NUMBER and keep it pressed for about 3 seconds. When the FILE status “EMPTY” or “ALL CLEAR” is displayed, the selected FILE or the complete contents of the Data Logger are cleared. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-37 Operation Viewing stored readings You can select each measurement location and have the values displayed which are stored there. The following appear as measurement location status: EMPTY: no measurement stored x.xx mm: the stored values in the active units of measure ERROR: erroneous measured value. Storing must be repeated. Operating in the A-scan mode: Measurement location number (LOC) and value (VAL) are displayed in the measurement line. – With T or V select the required measurement location. The value stored there appears at VAL. Operation from the second operating level: – Select the function group containing the Data Logger. – Using N or O select the required measurement location when in LOCATION. The value stored there is displayed in VALUE. 5-38 Storing measured values - Data Logger Clearing the measured values You can clear the displayed reading and, if necessary, store a new value at this measurement location. Operation in the A-scan mode: – Select the value to be cleared as described above. – Simultaneously press U and keep the keys pressed for about 3 seconds. When VAL: EMPTY appears, then the measured value is deleted. – If necessary, press A in order to store a new value at this measurement location. Operation from the second operating level: – Select the value to be deleted, as described above. – When in VALUE, simultaneously press M and keep the keys pressed for about 3 seconds. When VALUE: EMPTY appears, the measured value is deleted. – Press Ain the A-scan mode to store a new value at this measurement location. Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation 5.9 Configuring the USN 52R/ USN 52L In the second operating level you will find all functions which do not have a direct influence on the A-scan. They are compiled into two function tables. – Press X to change from the first to the second operating level and back again. The currently active table of the lower operating level appears. – Press T or V to change between function tables of the second operating level. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-39 Operation Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Left Table Left function group Right function group FILE NUMBER LOCATION All functions are used for adjustment of the Data Logger in order to store and recall the measured values. GRATICULE AMPLITUDE FREEZE MODE INTENSITY, Display graticule on/off VALUE Amplitude reading FILE MODE Storage mode Display brightness (only USN 52R) Center function group VELOCITY # 1 VELOCITY # 2 dB STEP GATE LOGIC Sound velocity for coarse mode Sound velocity for coarse mode Step range for D Evaluation logic and on/off 5-40 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation Right function group ANGLE All functions are used for calculation of the flaw position. Center Table Left function group THICKNESS A-SCAN LANGUAGE Hollow or solid echo signal display X-VALUE Display language O-DIAM DATA SET DIREC Directory of all data sets DATA SET NAME Entry of data set names Center function group BAUD RATE LENGTH PARITY COPY MODE All functions are for adjustment of the RS232 interface and for the copy mode, e.g. for transfer to the Data Logger Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-41 Operation Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Right Table Left function group AUTO CAL GATE LOGIC MEASURE TOF Display graticule on/off Amplitude reading Storage mode Display brightness Center function group AMPL.EVAL. MEMO MEAS.UNITS Switching between DAC/TGC and DGS MEMO function on/off Selection of units 5-42 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation AMPLITUDE Amplitude display GRATICULE Display graticule In this function you either switch the display graticule on or off. In doing this, you are able to directly read off the echo positions and heights. Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the left function table with JC. – Enable or disable GRATICULE with M. The currently active setting is displayed. In this function you determine how the amplitude of the highest echo is to be displayed in the gate. This appears in the measurement line as an “H = ...”-value. You have the following possibilities: • % Screen HT: A percentage of the screen height • dB THRESHOLD: (dB REF not active) expressed as a dB difference relative to the gate threshold • dB THRESHOLD: (dB REF active) expressed as a dB difference relative to the stored reference echo amplitude Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the required setting. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-43 Operation FREEZE MODE Storage mode In this function you determine which display contents you wish to store: • FREEZE ALL: the complete A-scan presentation is stored. • FREEZE PEAK: the highest echo amplitude is stored. Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the required setting. Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L INTENSITY Display brightness (only USN 52R) You are able to adjust your USN 52 R to different ambient light conditions. To do this, you can switch between two brightness positions: • HIGH • LOW Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the required setting. H Note: Please consider a higher power consumption with INTENSITY = HIGH which reduces the battery life. 5-44 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation dB STEP Sets step range You can set the gain with five different step ranges. In this function you enter your own value for the adjustable step. • You are able to enter a step range between 6.5 dB und 24.0 dB in steps of 0.5 dB. Operation: – Highlight the center function group in the left function table with I. – With M set the required step range. VELOCITY #1 VELOCITY #2 Preselecting fixed values for sound velocity When calibrating the display range, you can select between two fixed sound velocity values in the coarse mode. In this function you determine which values are available for selection. • You can set the sound velocity between 1000 m/s and 9999 m/s (continuously adjustable). Operation: – Highlight the center function group in the left function table with I. – With M set the required values in VELOCITY #1 and VELOCITY #2. H Note: The preset default values here are as follows: • 5918 m/s for longitudinal sound velocity • 3353 m/s for transverse sound velocity Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-45 Operation GATE LOGIC Setting the gate logic Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L A Attention: Both gates only evaluate within the visible part of the display range. If there are gates or parts of gates outside the visible part of the display range, then a gate evaluation will not be made there. Operation: – Highlight the center function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the required gate setting. In this function you can activate the gate and select the criteria for triggering the gate alarm. The following settings are available: • OFF: The gate is disabled. The gate bar is not displayed. • POSITIVE: The gate is enabled. When the signal exceeds the threshold that was preset in a-THRESH, the two LEDs will flash alternately. • NEGATIVE: The gate is enabled. When the signal falls below the threshold that was preset in aTHRESH, the two LEDs will flash alternately. • MEASURE: The gate is enabled. However, there is no alarm with threshold violation. H Note: You can select either POSITIVE, NEGATIVE or MEASURE for digital thickness measurements. 5-46 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L Operation LOCATION Selecting the measurement location FILE NUMBER Selecting a file In this function you enter the number of FILES for the Data Logger. You can also select specific measured values here. The indicated functions are: • ALL CLEAR: No files have been configured • FILE NUMBER # 1-99: Enter number of files • ALL FILES: When there are configured files • EMPTY: (before file number) No reading stored • ACTIVE: (before file number) Reading stored • FULL: (before file number) No measurement locations free Operation: – Hightlight the right function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the required setting. H Note: More detailed information about operation of the Data Logger can be found in Chapter 5.5. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Set the measurement location at which the next measured value is to be stored. Operation: – Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I. – With M select the number of the required measurement location. – If you wish to return to LOCATION 1, press N and O simultaneously. Issue 05, 02/00 5-47 Operation VALUE Displaying the measured value The measured value at the selected location is displayed: • EMTPY: No reading stored • xx.x mm: The stored reading Clearing the measured value: – Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I. – If necessary, press M for about 3 seconds in order to clear the displayed reading. Configuring the USN 52R/USN 52L FILE MODE Enabling the Data Logger In FILE MODE you can enable or disable the Data Logger: • OFF: Data Logger is disabled. • THICKNESS: Data Logger is enabled. H Note: You can only enable the Data Logger when DATA LOGGER is selected in COPY MODE (right function table). Operation: – Highlight the right function group in the left function table with I. – With M alternately enable and disable the Data Logger. 5-48 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Configuring the USN 52 R Operation MEAS. UNITS Setting the measurement units In this function you enter the measurement units in which the instrument is to operate. You can select between METRIC or INCH. Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the center function table with I. – Select the required measurement unit with M. H Note: If the measurement units are changed at a later time, the values are automatically converted. However, in order to work with “rounded off” values, you should set the measurement units at the beginning of the test. LANGUAGE Setting the display language In LANGUAGE you can select the dialog language for interactive communication with the instrument. The following languages are available: • German • English • French • Italian • Spanish • Portuguese Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the center function table with I. – Select the required language with M. • Swedish • Danish • Norwegian • Finnish • Dutch • Russian Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-49 Operation Data set names 5.10 Data set names Data set names You can give the instrument settings (data sets) alphanumeric names which are also stored. In doing this you are able to identify your data. The data set number remains the clear identification (e.g. with the application of data transfer software). The names can consist of up to a maximum of 8 characters. trol commands. You can define so-called active fields which are automatically filled in with data (e.g. sound path or amplitude) from the currently active A-scan. When the MEMO function is switched on, the menu for the entry of additional data (texts or header data) appears each time a data set is stored. This menu is always also accessible via the second operating level. To use the MEMO function, you have to: – switch the MEMO function on, – define a header by means of remote control commands if necessary. H Note: You will find the remote control commands in chapter 8.7. MEMO function The MEMO function of the instrument gives further possibilities for a better documentation of test results (data sets). You can either type and store a text (max. 80 alphanumeric characters) for each data set, or you can fill in data in predefined fields which are likewise stored together with the data set. Unlike the text that can be freely edited, a data header is structured and consists of individual fields which are automatically or manually filled in with additional information. You can determine the structure of the header (number of fields, field lenghts and field names) by means of remote con5-50 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Data set names Operation In the two lower lines you will see letters, numbers and characters which you can use for the data set name. To enter the required text, start by selecting the entry position in each case, and then select the character which should be inserted at this position. The entry position and character are always marked by a flashing cursor. You can enter all required characters in any chosen order. – Press the keys T or V in order to change the entry position. – Press the keys N or O next to the corresponding character string in order to select a character. The flashing cursor changes the string automatically. The highlighted character is immediately inserted at the entry position. – Finally, press the key X to store the entries. The data set name is now stored together with the data set number and also appears in the function group MEM in the first operating level. DATA SET NAME Entry of a data set name This function is used for entering the data set name. Operation: – Highlight the left function group in the center function table using JC. – Select the required data set number with M. – Simultaneously press N and O allocated to the function DATA SET NAME. You will see the following display: The cursor flashes at the entry position of the inverted field of the menu. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-51 Operation You can overwrite characters that have already been entered simply by marking the corresponding position and selecting another character. Data set names DATA SET DIREC Data set directory In this function you obtain a quick overlook over all stored data sets with their names and numbers. Operation: – Mark the right function group in the center function table with I. – Switch on the function DATA SET DIREC with M. A total of 12 data sets are displayed. – A further group of 12 data sets is displayed using the U keys; V selects the following group, T the previous group. You can select one of the displayed data sets in the directory: – Mark the column with I. – Press the corresponding M keys. The directory function is exited; the selected data set is now entered into the left-hand function group in the function DATA SET NAME. Using the function group MEM in the first operating 5-52 Issue 05, 02/00 Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Data set names Operation MEMO Storing additional information You can store additional information on every data set, either as freely formulated text (max. 80 alphanumeric characters) or by filling in predefined fields of the data header. If the MEMO function is activated, the menu for entering additional information (texts or header data) appears each time a data set is stored. This menu is always also accessible via the second operating level. Operation: – Select a data set as described in the previous section. – Highlight the center function group in the right-hand function table with I. – Press N and O simultaneously for the function MEMO. You will see the menu for the entry of additional information allocated to the selected data set. level and the function RECALL you are able to load this data set as usual. The directory function can be exited at any time by pressing X or F. Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-53 Operation If USN 52R/USN 52L are set to the entry of freely formulated texts, you will see the following display: Data set names Entering texts In the two lower lines you will see letters, numbers and characters that you can use for the texts. To enter the required text, start by selecting the entry position in each case, and then select the character that should be inserted at this position. The entry position and character are each marked by a flashing cursor. You can enter all required characters in any chosen order.
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This manual applies to the two USN 52 versions USN 52R and USN 52L. The examples shown refer to the USN 52R; however. UN 100 W U ltraDOC for USN 50/52 33 827 2.4 Recommended outside products Printer EPSON LX-300 17 995. Adjustment of the USN 52 R Operation Krautkramer USN 52R/USN 52L Issue 05, 02/00 5-13 MTL VEL Sound velocity In MTL VEL you set the value for the sound velocity in.
USN 52R / USN 52L
NDT Forum: KRAUTKRAMER USN 50 MANUAL AND Dear All, Recently I procured an old Krautkramer USN 50 as I need multiple instruments for my operations.
Recently I procured an old Krautkramer USN 50 as I need multiple instruments for my operations. I did not get the manual but I am able to operate it without much problem. But it is presently showing the units in inches. KRAUTKRAMER USN 50 MANUAL AND. In Reply to P V SASTRY on 22:45 Aug-07-2012 (Opening). Hi Please sand me yor email i have the manual Best regard;.
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